By Sejal Kuthiala, MD
How and Why Cervical Cancer Forms
Cervical cancer usually starts with a virus called HPV (human papillomavirus). HPV is very common, and most people never know they have it because the body often clears it on its own.
Sometimes, the HPV virus stays in the body for many years. When this happens, it can slowly cause changes in the cells of the cervix. These changes usually don’t cause symptoms, which is why Pap smears are important. If the changes are not found and treated early, they can develop into cancer.
Risk Factors
All women can be affected by cervical cancer, but some things can raise the risk, including:
- Long-term HPV infection
- Not getting Pap or HPV tests as recommended by a physician
- Not getting the HPV vaccine
Having a risk factor does not mean someone will develop cancer — it just means screening is especially important.
How to Prevent Cervical Cancer
The good news is that cervical cancer is often preventable.
- HPV vaccination at a young age helps protect against the virus that causes most cervical cancers
- Pap and HPV tests find cell changes early, before cancer starts
Prevention works best when vaccination and screening are used together.
Usual Treatment
Treatment depends on how early the cancer is found.
- Early changes or early cancer may be treated with simple procedures or surgery
- More advanced cancer may need radiation, chemotherapy, or other therapies
Doctors create a treatment plan based on each patient’s needs, and many people do very well when cervical cancer is found early.
Disclaimer: This information is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace medical advice. Every person’s health needs are unique. Please talk with your healthcare provider about screening, vaccination, symptoms, or treatment options that are right for you.
About the Author
Sejal Kuthiala, MD is a board-certified medical oncologist and hematologist at Cancer Specialists of North Florida’s Southside location, with extensive clinical and research experience focused on personalized cancer care that strengthens patient-doctor relationships.